Frailea
(Frai'lea)
DESCRIPTION: These small cacti are natives to Brazil. The species belonging to this group are cleistogamous, meaning that their flowers produce seed without even opening. F. castanea forms a spherical, flattened, olive-green to brownish stem only growing 11/4 inches across. It has 10 to 15, almost flat ribs that are centered with a row of close-set, downy areoles. The 7 to 11, tiny spines are reddish at first, eventually turning black. The sulphur-yellow flowers are 11/2 inches long and across and will only open in the hottest, brightest, afternoon sun, if at all. Those that do not open produce seeds through self-fertilization.
POTTING: These plants need a minimum temperature of 42º to 48º F and warmth and shade in the summer. Grow them in rich, porous, sandy soil and let their soil dry out between waterings. Repot, in the spring, when their roots become cramped. Generally, they should be repotted every other year in order to provide fresh soil. However, this doesn't necessarily mean they'll need larger containers. Fill about a quarter of the pot with broken crocks, gravel, etc. to promote good drainage. Firm the potting soil. After repotting, do not water for a week or more.
PROPAGATION: These plants may be increased by sowing seeds or taking cuttings. Seeds may be sown in containers filled with a general-purpose cactus and succulent potting mix. Sprinkle the seeds evenly over the surface of the compost. Cover the seeds lightly with some grit, moisten the container and place in an area with high humidity and warmth. Transplant the seedlings when they are large enough to handle. Waiting too long until they are overcrowded can cause rot. Gently separate them so as not to damage the delicate roots. Transplanting will be easier if the soil is slightly moist. Seedlings can be potted singly or with several to a pot. They seem to do better together than by themselves.
VARIETIES: F. castanea; F. cataphracta; F. grahliana; F. schilinzkyana.
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